11. Euripides, Phoinissai 20.
12. Ibid 30–1.
13. Ibid 44.
14. Ibid 619.
15. Martin, R. P. （2005）， ‘The Voices of Jocasta’， Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. Available as of March 2020 at https://www.princeton.edu/——pswpc/pdfs/rpmartin/050503.pdf.
16. Lille Stesichorus Antistrophe.
17. Athenian red-figure kylix, attributed to the Painter of Oedipus （ca. 470 BCE）， depicting Oedipus and the Sphinx, Vatican Museums, inv. 16541.
18. Sicilian red-figure calyx-krater （ca. 330 BCE） possibly depicting Oedipus, Jocasta and their daughters, Syracuse, Museo Archeologico Regionale Paolo Orsi inv. 66557.
19. Hall, E. （2016）， ‘Oedipal Quiz – Little Boys in Greek Tragedy’， The Edithorial. Blog available as of March 2020 at https://edithorial.blogspot.com/2016/05/oedipal-quiz-llittle-boys-in-greek.html 20. A red-figure Apulian loutrophoros, mid-fourth century BCE, by an artist close to the Painter of Laodamia, Basel, Antikenmuseum, inv. S21.
21. Cabanel, Alexandre （1843）， oil on canvas, Oedipus Separating from Jocasta, Capentras, Musée Duplessis.
22. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toudouze_oedipus.gif.
23. Aristophanes, The Frogs 1188ff.
HELEN
1. Orestes 352, Andromache 106.
2. Asimov, I. （1992）， Isaac Asimov Laughs Again （New York: HarperCollins）， p. 200.
3. Homer, Iliad 3 418, 426.
4. Euripides, Helen 21.
5. Epic Greek Fragments, Cypria, 11, MLW.
6. Euripides, Helen 256.
7. Gantz, T. （1993）， Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. Vol 1 （Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press）， p. 289.
8. Plutarch, Theseus 31.2.
9. Diodorus, Bibliotheca Historica 4.63.
10. Gantz, p. 289.
11. Euripides, The Trojan Women 890–4.
12. Gantz, p. 566.
13. Ibid; e.g. Pseudo-Apollodorus.
14. Homer, Iliad 6 344ff.
15. Euripides, The Trojan Women 901–2.
16. Ibid 914ff.
17. Homer, Iliad 24 28–30.
18. Euripides, The Trojan Women 935–6.
19. Ibid 943–4.
20. Ibid 950.
21. Ibid 1022–3.
22. 10–50 million, approximately. Dr Adam Rutherford, WhatsApp conversation.
23. Gantz, p. 575.
24. Euripides, Helen 34.
25. Ibid 42–3.
26. Ibid 81.
27. Gantz, pp. 574–5.
28. Plato, Republic 9.586c.
29. Euripides, Helen 588.
30. Homer, Iliad 24 804.
31. Ibid 24 761–75.
32. Homer, Odyssey 4 219ff.
33. Book of Jasher 44 15ff.
34. Russell, J. R., （1986）， ‘Ara the Beautiful’， Encyclop?dia Iranica, available as of March 2020 at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ara-the-beautiful-.
35. Tacitus, Histories 3.45, Annals 12.36, 12.40.
36. Christie, Agatha （1930）， ‘The Face of Helen’， in The Mysterious Mr Quin （London: Collins）。
37. Hartley, B. （2014）， Novel Research: Fiction and Authority in Ptolemy Chennus, Ph.D. thesis （Exeter）， 94ff.
38. Homer, Odyssey 4 277–9.
39. Photius, Bibliotheca 149b 3–38.
40. Wright, M. （2018）， The Lost Plays of Greek Tragedy, Volume 2: Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides （London: Bloomsbury）， pp. 87–8.
41. http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/rossetti/works/beauties/helenoftroy.aspx.
MEDUSA
1. Nietzsche Aphorism 146, tr. by Shaun Whiteside.
2. Hesiod, Theogony 274–6.
3. Ibid 276–8.
4. Ibid 279.
5. Pindar, Pythian Ode 12 16.
6. Ovid, Metamorphoses 4 794ff.
7. Ibid 798.
8. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca （forthcoming: 2021）， God: An Anatomy （London: Picador）。
9. Homer, Iliad 5 741.
10. Ibid 11 36.
11. Homer, Odyssey 11 634.
12. Pindar, Pythian Ode 12 21.
13. Homer, Iliad 11 37.
14. Prometheus Bound 798–9.
15. https://www.theoi.com/Gallery/P23.1B.html.
16. Ovid, Metamorphoses 5 250.
17. Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 63.
18. Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.36–42.
19. Hesiod, Shield of Heracles 222.
20. Ibid 224.
21. Ibid 227.
22. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/254523.
23. https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=461872&partId=1.
24. Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.4.3.
25. Gantz, p. 489.
26. Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2.45–6.
27. Ovid, Metamorphoses 4 617–20.
28. Pindar, Pythian Ode 12 8.
29. Homer, Iliad 5 114.
30. Ovid, Metamorphoses 11 85–193.